Introduction

PowerShell is a cross-platform task automation solution made up of a command-line shell, a scripting language, and a configuration management framework. PowerShell runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Another way to access it is by using Cloud Shell from Azure portal and choosing PowerShell mode.

You can then issue command as follows

Here are some of the commands to get you started

Azure Accounts

Login to Azure Account

Connect-AzAccount

Logout of the Azure account you are connected within your session

Logout-AzAccount

Subscription Selection

List all subscriptions in all tenants the account can access

Get-AzSubscription

Get subscriptions in a specific tenant

Get-AzSubscription -TenantId "xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxx"

Choose subscription

Select-AzSubscription –SubscriptionID “SubscriptonID”

Resource Groups

Retrieving Resource Groups

Get all resource groups (Gets the resource group and additional details which can also be stored for use by additional commands).

Get-AzResourceGroup

Get a specific resource group by name

Get-AzResourceGroup -Name "myResourceGroup”

Get resource groups where the name begins with "Production"

Get-AzResourceGroup | Where ResourceGroupName -like Production*

Show resource groups by location

Get-AzResourceGroup | Sort Location,ResourceGroupName | Format-Table -GroupBy Location ResourceGroupName,ProvisioningState,Tags

Resources within RGs

Find resources of a type in resource groups with a specific name

Get-AzResource -ResourceGroupName "myResourceGroup"

Find resources of a type matching against the resource name string

Note: The difference with this command vs the one above, is that this one does not look for a specific resource group, but rather just all resources with a name containing the text specified.

Get-AzResource -ResourceType
"microsoft.web/sites" -ResourceGroupName
"myResourceGroup"

Resource Group Provisioning & Management

Create a new Resource Group

New-AzResourceGroup -Name 'myResourceGroup' -Location 'westeurope' #Creates a new resource group in West Europe called "myResourceGroup"

Delete a Resource Group

Remove-AzResourceGroup -Name "ResourceGroupToDelete"

Moving Resources from One Resource Group to Another

Step 1: Retrieve existing Resource

$Resource = Get-AzResource -ResourceType
"Microsoft.ClassicCompute/storageAccounts" - #Retrieves a storage account called  "myStorageAccount"
ResourceName "myStorageAccount"

Step 2: Move the Resource to the New Group

Move-AzResource -ResourceId
$Resource.ResourceId -DestinationResourceGroupName - #Moves the resource from Step 1 into the destination resource group "NewResourceGroup"
"NewResourceGroup"

Resource Group Tags

Display Tags associated with a specific resource group name

(Get-AzResourceGroup -Name "myResourceGroup").Tags

To get all Azure resource groups with a specific tag:

(Get-AzResourceGroup -Tag @{Owner="DesiredOwner"}).Name

To get specific resources with a specific tag:

(Get-AzResource -TagName Dept -TagValue Finance).Name

Adding Tags

Add Tags to an existing resource group that has no tags

Set-AzResourceGroup -Name examplegroup -Tag @{Dept="IT"; Environment="Production" }

Adding tags to an existing

resource group that has tags

1. Get Tags

2. Append

3. Update/Apply Tags

$tags = (Get-AzResourceGroup -Name
examplegroup).Tags
$tags += @{Status="Approved"}
Set-AzResourceGroup -Tag $tags -Name examplegroup

Add tags to a specific resource without tags

$r = Get-AzResource -ResourceName examplevnet -ResourceGroupName examplegroup Set-AzResource -Tag @{ Dept="IT";Environment="Production" } -ResourceId $r.ResourceId -Force

Apply all tags from an existing resource group to the resources beneath. (Note: this overrides all existing tags on the resources inside the RG)

$groups = Get-AzResourceGroup foreach
($group in $groups)
{
 Find-AzResource -
ResourceGroupNameEquals $g.ResourceGroupName |
ForEach-Object {Set-AzResource -ResourceId
$_.ResourceId -Tag $g.Tags -Force } }

Apply all tags from a resource group to its resources, but retain tags on resources that are not duplicates

$groups = Get-AzResourceGroup foreach ($g
in $groups)
{
 if ($g.Tags -ne $null) {
 $resources = Find-AzResource
ResourceGroupNameEquals $g.ResourceGroupName
foreach ($r in $resources)
 {
 $resourcetags = (Get-AzResource
-ResourceId $r.ResourceId).Tags
 foreach ($key in $g.Tags.Keys)
 { 
 if
($resourcetags.ContainsKey($key)) {
$resourcetags.Remove($key) }
 }
 $resourcetags += $g.Tags
Set-AzResource -Tag
$resourcetags -ResourceId $r.ResourceId -Force
 }
 }
}

Remove all tags

Removes all tags by passing an empty hash

Set-AzResourceGroup -Tag @{} -Name exampleresourcegroup

Governance

**Azure Policies: View Policies and Assignments

See all policy definitions in your subscription

Get-AzPolicyDefinition

Retrieve assignments for a specific resource group

$rg = Get-AzResourceGroup -Name
"ExampleGroup"
(Get-AzPolicyAssignment -Name
accessTierAssignment -Scope $rg.ResourceId

Create Policies

Step 1 Create the policy in JSON

Step 2 pass the file using PowerShell

$definition = New-AzPolicyDefinition `
 -Name denyRegions `
 -DisplayName "Deny specific regions" `
 -Policy
'https://githublocation.com/azurepolicy.rules.js
on'
You can also use a local file as follows:
$definition = New-AzPolicyDefinition `
 -Name denyCoolTiering `
 -Description "Deny cool access tiering for
storage" `
 -Policy "c:\policies\coolAccessTier.json"

Assign Policies

Apply a policy from a definition created above

$rg = Get-AzResourceGroup -Name
"ExampleGroup"
New-AzPolicyAssignment -Name denyRegions -
Scope $rg.ResourceId -PolicyDefinition
$definition

Resource Locks

Create a new resource lock

New-AzResourceLock -LockLevel ReadOnly -
LockNotes "Notes about the lock" -LockName "ReadOnlyLock" -ResourceName "Websites-PROD" ResourceType 
"microsoft.web/sites" #Creates a new ReadOnly resource lock on a web site resource.

Retrieve a resource lock.

Get-AzResourceLock -LockName "ReadOnlyLock" -
ResourceName "Websites-PROD" -ResourceType
"microsoft.web/sites" -ResourceGroupName "RGWebSite"

Storage

Retrieving Storage Accounts

Get-AzStorageAccount

Create storage account

Create Storage Account

New-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName
“myResourceGroup” -Name “storage1” -Location
“westeurope”-SkuName “Standard_LRS”

SKU Options

• Standard_LRS. Locally-redundant storage. • Standard_ZRS. Zone-redundant storage. • Standard_GRS. Geo-redundant storage. • Standard_RAGRS. Read access geo-redundant storage. • Premium_LRS. Premium locally-redundant storage.

Optional Key Parameters

Kind The kind parameter will allow you to specify the type of Storage Account. • Storage - General purpose Storage account that supports storage of Blobs, Tables, Queues, Files and Disks. • StorageV2 - General Purpose Version 2 (GPv2) Storage account that supports Blobs, Tables, Queues, Files, and Disks, with advanced features like data tiering. • BlobStorage -Blob Storage account which supports storage of Blobs only. The default value is Storage. -Access Tier If you specify BlobStorage as the “Kind” then you must also include an access tier • Hot • Cold

Create a storage container in a storage Account (using storage account name)

New-AzStorageContainer -ResourceGroupName "storage" -AccountName "storageaccount1" -ContainerName "Container"

Create a storage container in a storage account (using the storage account object)

1. Get the storage account and store it as a variable

$storageaccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -
ResourceGroupName "storage" -AccountName
"storageaccount1"

1. Make sure you have the right one

$storageaccount #This will show you the storage account object you stored in the variable $storageaccount

1. Create the container in the storage account object

NewAzStorageContainer -StorageAccount
$accountObject -ContainerName "Container"

Remove Accounts and Containers

Delete a storage account

Remove-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName "storage" -AccountName "storageaccount1"

Delete a storage container using storage account name and container name

Remove-AzStorageContainer -ResourceGroupName "storage" -AccountName "storageaccount1" -ContainerName "container"

Delete a storage container using the storage account object

Remove-AzStorageContainer -StorageAccount $storageaccount -ContainerName "container"
Note: Make sure to storage the storage account as a
variable first using
$storageaccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName "storage" -AccountName "storageaccount1"

Deploy and Manage Virtual Machines

Get information about VMs

List all VMs in current subscription

Get-AzVM

List VMs in a resource group See Resource Groups section above)

Get -AzVM -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroup

Get a specific virtual machine

Get-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Name "myVM"

Create a VM – Simplified

Create a simple M

New-AzVM -Name “vmname” #Typing in this simple command will create a VM and populate names for all the associated
objects based on the VM name specified.

Create a VM Configuration Before Creating the Virtual Machine

Use the following tasks to create a new VM configuration before creating your Virtual Machine based on that config.

Create a VM configuration

$vmconfig = New-AzVMConfig -VMName “systemname” -VMSize "Standard_D1_v2"

Add configuration settings This adds the operating system settings to the configuration

$vmconfig = Set-AzVMOperatingSystem -VM $vmconfig -Windows -ComputerName “systemname” -Credential $cred -ProvisionVMAgent EnableAutoUpdate

Add a network interface

$vmconfig = Add-AzVMNetworkInterface -VM $vmconfig -Id $nic.Id

Specify a platform image

$vmconfig = Set-AzVMSourceImage -VM $vmconfig -PublisherName "publisher_name" -Offer "publisher_offer" -Skus "product_sku" -Version "latest"

Create a VM

New-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Location “westeurope
-VM $vmconfigconfig
All resources are created in the resource group. Before you run this command,
run New-AzVMConfig, Set-AzVMOperatingSystem, SetAzVMSourceImage, Add-AzVMNetworkInterface, and Set-AzVMOSDisk.

VM Operations

Start a VM

Start-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Name “vmname”

Stop a VM

Stop-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Name “vmname”

Restart a running VM

Restart-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Name “vmname”

Delete a VM

Remove-AzVM -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Name “vmname”

Networking Get/List Networking

List virtual networks

Get-AzVirtualNetwork -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” #Lists all the virtual networks in the resource group.

Get information about a virtual network

Get-AzVirtualNetwork -Name "myVNet" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”

List subnets in a virtual network

Get-AzVirtualNetwork -Name "myVNet" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” | Select Subnets

Get information about a subnet

Get-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "mySubnet1" VirtualNetwork $vnet #Gets information about the subnet in the specified virtual network. The $vnet
value represents the object returned by Get-AzVirtualNetwork you used
previously.

Get all IP addresses from a resource group

Get-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”

Get all load balancers from a resource group

Get-AzLoadBalancer -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”

Get all network interfaces from a resource group

Get-AzNetworkInterface -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”

Get information about a network interface

Get-AzNetworkInterface -Name "NIC1" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”

Get the IP configuration of a network interface

Get-AzNetworkInterfaceIPConfig -Name "NIC1" -NetworkInterface $nic #Gets information about the IP configuration of the specified network interface.
The $nic value represents the object returned by Get-AzNetworkInterface.

Check provisioning status for Azure Express Route Circuit

Get-AzExpressRouteCircuit -ResourceGroupName "Test-Resource" -Name "Test-Circuit"

Upgrade ExpressRoute Gateway SKU

Resize-AzVirtualNetworkGateway

Create Network Resources

Create subnet configurations

$subnet1 = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "Subnet1" -AddressPrefix XX.X.X.X/XX
$subnet2 = New-AzVirtualNetworkSubnetConfig -Name "Subnet2" -AddressPrefix XX.X.X.X/XX

Create a virtual network

$vnet = New-AzVirtualNetwork -Name "myVNet" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -Location $location -AddressPrefix XX.X.X.X/XX -Subnet $slsubnet1,$slsubnet2 
#Note: Make sure to create the subnets first as per the previous command above.

Test for a unique domain name

Test-AzDnsAvailability -DomainNameLabel "myDNS" -Location $location

You can specify a DNS domain name for a public IP resource, which creates a mapping for domainname.location.cloudapp.azure.com to the public IP address in the Azuremanaged DNS servers. The name can contain only letters, numbers, and hyphens. The first and last character must be a letter or number and the domain name must be unique within its Azure location. If True is returned, your proposed name is globally unique.

Create a public IP address

$pip = New-AzPublicIpAddress -Name "myPublicIp" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -DomainNameLabel "myDNS" -Location $location AllocationMethod
Dynamic #The public IP address uses the domain name that you previously tested and is used by
the frontend configuration of the load balancer.

Create a frontend IP configuration

$frontendIP = New-AzLoadBalancerFrontendIpConfig -Name "myFrontendIP" PublicIpAddress $pip #The frontend configuration includes the public IP address that you previously created for incoming network traffic.

Create a backend address pool

$beAddressPool = New-AzLoadBalancerBackendAddressPoolConfig -Name "myBackendAddressPool" #Provides internal addresses for the backend of the load balancer that are accessed through a network interface.

Create a probe

$healthProbe = New-AzLoadBalancerProbeConfig -Name "myProbe" RequestPath 'HealthProbe.aspx' -Protocol http -Port 80 -IntervalInSeconds 15 ProbeCount 2 #

Create a load balancing rule

$lbRule = New-AzLoadBalancerRuleConfig -Name HTTP -FrontendIpConfiguration $frontendIP -BackendAddressPool $beAddressPool -Probe $healthProbe -Protocol Tcp -FrontendPort 80 -BackendPort 80 
#Contains rules that assign a public port on the load balancer to a port in the backend address pool

Create an inbound NAT rule

$inboundNATRule = New-AzLoadBalancerInboundNatRuleConfig -Name "myInboundRule1" -FrontendIpConfiguration $frontendIP -Protocol TCP -FrontendPort 3441 -BackendPort 3389
#Contains rules mapping a public port on the load balancer to a port for a specific virtual machine in the backend address pool

Create a load balancer

$loadBalancer = New-AzLoadBalancer -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup”
-Name "myLoadBalancer" -Location $location -FrontendIpConfiguration $frontendIP
InboundNatRule $inboundNATRule -LoadBalancingRule $lbRule -BackendAddressPool
$beAddressPool -Probe $healthProbe

Create a network interface

$nic1= New-AzNetworkInterface -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” Name
"myNIC" -Location $location -PrivateIpAddress XX.X.X.X -Subnet $subnet2 -
LoadBalancerBackendAddressPool $loadBalancer.BackendAddressPools[0] LoadBalancerInboundNatRule $loadBalancer.InboundNatRules[0]
#Create a network interface using the public IP address and virtual network subnet that you previously created

Remove network resources

Delete a virtual network

Remove-AzVirtualNetwork -Name "myVNet" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” #Removes the specified virtual network from the resource group

Delete a network interface

Remove-AzNetworkInterface -Name "myNIC" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” #Removes the specified network interface from the resource group

Delete a load balancer

Remove-AzLoadBalancer -Name "myLoadBalancer" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” #Removes the specified load balancer from the resource group

Delete a public IP address

Remove-AzPublicIpAddress-Name "myIPAddress" -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” #Removes the specified public IP address from the resource group.

Reset an ExpressRoute circuit

When an operation on an ExpressRoute circuit doesn't complete successfully, the circuit might go into a "failed" state. You can reset a failed ExpressRoute circuit using Azure PowerShell. You will need the latest version of the Azure Resource Manager PowerShell cmdlets.

$ckt = Get-AzExpressRouteCircuit -Name "ExpressRouteARMCircuit" -ResourceGroupName "ExpressRouteResourceGroup"

Set-AzExpressRouteCircuit -ExpressRouteCircuit $ckt

Identify the root cause for ExpressRoute latency issues

To troubleshoot latency issues with ExpressRoute, the Azure Connectivity Toolkit includes a tool called iPerf.

You use iPerf for basic performance tests, by copying the files to a directory on the host. To test performance, follow these steps:

1. Install the PowerShell Module.

(new-object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("https://aka.ms/AzureCT") | Invoke-Expression

This command downloads the PowerShell module and installs it locally.

1. Install the supporting applications.

Install-LinkPerformance

This AzureCT command installs iPerf and PSPing in a new directory, "C:\ACTTools". It also opens the Windows Firewall ports to allow ICMP and port 5201 (iPerf) traffic.

1. Run the performance test. First, on the remote host, you must install and run iPerf in server mode. Ensure the remote host is listening on either 3389 (RDP for Windows) or 22 (SSH for Linux) and allowing traffic on port 5201 for iPerf. If the remote host is Windows, install the AzureCT and run the Install-LinkPerformance command. The command will set up iPerf and the necessary firewall rules.

When the remote machine is ready, open PowerShell on the local machine and start the test:

Get-LinkPerformance -RemoteHost IP -TestSeconds 10

This command runs a series of concurrent load and latency tests to help estimate the bandwidth capacity and latency of your network link.

4.Review the output of the tests.

The detailed results of iPerf tests are in individual text files in the AzureCT tools directory at "C:\ACTTools."

Azure Active Directory Commands Install Azure AD Module In order to use the Azure AD commands, you first need to install the Azure AD module. Use the following procedure to get it installed:

1. Open PowerShell

2. Type “Install-Module AzureAD”

3. Press Y to accept the untrusted repository (PSGallery)

Connect to Azure AD

Connect to Azure Active Directory

Connect-AzureAD #Note: You will be prompted to enter your credentials and any additional authentication steps required.

Disconnect from Azure Active Directory

Disconnect-AzureAD

User and service principal management

Get all users

Get-AzureADUser

Get specific user

Get-AzureADUser -ObjectId "user@contoso.com"

Remove User

Remove-AzureADUser -ObjectId "user@contoso.com"

New User Creation

This is a 3 step process that requires first creating a password profile, setting the password, and then passing these into the NewAzureADUser command

1. Create Password Profile

$PasswordProfile = New-Object -TypeName Microsoft.Open.AzureAD.Model.PasswordProfile

1. Set Password

$PasswordProfile.Password = "Password"

1. Create User

New-AzureADUser -DisplayName "New User" -PasswordProfile $PasswordProfile -UserPrincipalName "user@contoso.com" -AccountEnabled $true -MailNickName "Newuser"

Service Principal Creation

First you need to create your application registration in AzureAD then you retrieve it with this command.

Get-AzADApplication -DisplayNameStartWith slappregistration

Once you have the application ID for the App registration, you can use it to create the SPN (Service Principal)

New-AzADServicePrincipal -ApplicationId 11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111 -Password $securePassword

Assign Role

This will be scoped to the resource group name you type in with the role definition assigned to the SPN i.e. The SPN is allowed to do X at the RG named Y

New-AzRoleAssignment -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -ObjectId 11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111 -RoleDefinitionName Reader

View Current Role Assignment

Get-AzRoleAssignment -ResourceGroupName “resourcegroup” -ObjectId 11111111-1111-1111-1111-11111111111